This image of the Buddha represents him in bhumisparsha-mudra, a posture in which he is depicted as touching the earth. In the Buddhist tradition, Buddha's life cycle is classified in three broad divisions, the Buddha, or the phase of his Enlightenment, the Dharma, or the phase when he initiated a new doctrine and the Sangha, or the phase when he founded a new monastic order.
The episode in which Lord Buddha invoked the earth has great significance both in Buddha's life as well as in the Buddhist tradition. It was around the end of his six year long meditation that Mara, the Evil One, renewed its efforts to distract the Sakyamuni from his path and destroy his concentration. Mara sent to him many of its minions, the tempting nymphs and horrifying demons, hunger and affluence, parching heat and icy cold and the bonds of life and the fear of death, but Gautam conquered them all. Now delusion was the only weapon for the Mara to try. For deluding every one and every particle of the cosmos, Mara screamed loudly acclaiming a false triumph, "You are vanquished, Gautam". The Sakyamuni kept quiet but he extended his right hand till his fingers reached the earth and calling upon her prayed her to bear witness that he had defeated the Mara and its minions. Soon after he overcame the Mara, the light exploded within and he was the Enlightened, the Buddha.
resource: Exotic India Art
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